Reconciling the illusion of the “self” and personal responsibility

In Indian spirituality and metaphysics, the notion of the “self” is quite different from Western views, so much so that the idea of the eternal, unchanging Self (with a capital “S”) even existing is debatable.

Hinduism and Buddhism view the notion of an independent self quite differently. In Hinduism, the belief in an everlasting soul or atman distinct from the physical body is prevalent. This eternal self is seen as the true self that transcends the material plane and is said to be endless and unchanging. In contrast, Buddhism views the self as a temporary construct of physical and mental elements, constantly changing and impermanent. The concept of a separate self is considered an illusion, and the path to enlightenment involves dissolving this illusion to achieve the state of Nirvana or complete liberation from suffering. Hinduism and Buddhism's different approach to the self reflects their respective approaches to attain spiritual fulfillment.

The notion of non-self in Buddhism refers to the understanding that there is no permanent, unchanging self or soul. It emphasizes the interconnectedness of all phenomena and the impermanent nature of existence. However, this concept does not negate the idea of personal responsibility.

In Buddhism, personal responsibility is still important because our actions have consequences for ourselves and others. Although there may not be a fixed, independent self, there is an acknowledgment of the continuity of consciousness and the impact of our choices. Buddhists believe in the law of karma, which states that intentional actions have repercussions. Therefore, individuals are encouraged to be mindful of their thoughts, words, and deeds and to cultivate wholesome actions that lead to positive outcomes.

Moreover, the concept of non-self can be seen as a liberating perspective that helps individuals let go of attachments, ego-driven desires, and harmful behaviors. Recognizing the interconnectedness of all beings can create a more profound sense of empathy, compassion, and moral responsibility toward others. Personal responsibility aligns with the Buddhist path toward reducing suffering and cultivating wisdom and compassion.

In summary, while Buddhism emphasizes the absence of an inherent, enduring self, it does not negate personal responsibility. Understanding what “non-self” is can support the development of ethical behavior and a compassionate mindset, fostering a sense of responsibility towards oneself and others.